Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a fairly common spinal condition that affects children between the ages of 10 and 18.

The spine, instead of growing in a straight line, develops a sideways curve, often in an "S" or "C" shape with slight rotation. This abnormal curve can increase in size during growth spurts.

The exact cause of pediatric idiopathic scoliosis is unknown, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Mild cases of AIS typically do not cause pain and may only be detected during a routine physical exam or school screening.

Parents may notice: Uneven shoulders, waist, or hips; One shoulder blade (often the right) sticking out more than the other; Prominence of the right rib cage, especially when bending forward;

Treatment depends on the severity of the curve, the child's age, and how much growth remains. The goal is to prevent the curve from worsening.

• Observation: For mild curves (< 25 degrees), doctors monitor progression with regular checkups and X-rays.
• Bracing: For moderate curves (25-45 degrees) in growing children, a custom-made brace may be recommended. Bracing does not reverse the curve but helps prevent worsening.

For severe curves (> 45 degrees) or those that continue to progress, surgery may be necessary to correct the curve and halt further deformity progression.